Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses : The PRISMA Statement
Abstract
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have become increasinglyimportant in health care. Clinicians readthem to keep up to date with their field (1, 2), and they areoften used as a starting point for developing clinical practiceguidelines. Granting agencies may require a systematicreview to ensure there is justification for further research(3), and some health care journals are moving in this direction(4). As with all research, the value of a systematicreview depends on what was done, what was found, andthe clarity of reporting. As with other publications, thereporting quality of systematic reviews varies, limitingreaders’ ability to assess the strengths and weaknesses ofthose reviews.
| Authors: | ; ; ; ; |
|---|---|
| Published in: | Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 151, no. 4, pp. 264-269 |
| Publication date: | 18/08/2009 |
| Publisher: | American College of Physicians |
| Document type: | Review article |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 |
| ISSN: | 0003-4819, 1539-3704 |
| Open access: | No known open access copy: use Check availability for subscribed resources. |
| Cited by: | 37,548 |
| Subjects: |
Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
(Social Sciences > Decision Sciences > Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty)
Clinical practice guidelines implementation
(Health Sciences > Medicine > Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health)
Delphi Technique in Research
(Social Sciences > Social Sciences > Sociology and Political Science)
|
| Identifiers: | OpenAlex W2005501262 · PMID 19622511 |
Central index data: OpenAlex (CC0 license).
Full central index record (JSON) from api.openalex.org/works/W2005501262
{
"abstract (reconstructed from abstract_inverted_index)": "Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have become increasinglyimportant in health care. Clinicians readthem to keep up to date with their field (1, 2), and they areoften used as a starting point for developing clinical practiceguidelines. Granting agencies may require a systematicreview to ensure there is justification for further research(3), and some health care journals are moving in this direction(4). As with all research, the value of a systematicreview depends on what was done, what was found, andthe clarity of reporting. As with other publications, thereporting quality of systematic reviews varies, limitingreaders’ ability to assess the strengths and weaknesses ofthose reviews.",
"id": "https://openalex.org/W2005501262",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135",
"title": "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement",
"display_name": "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement",
"publication_year": 2009,
"publication_date": "2009-08-18",
"ids": {
"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2005501262",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135",
"mag": "2005501262",
"pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19622511"
},
"language": "en",
"primary_location": {
"id": "doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135",
"is_oa": false,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S119722071",
"display_name": "Annals of Internal Medicine",
"issn_l": "0003-4819",
"issn": [
"0003-4819",
"1539-3704"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"listed_in": [
"anvur-scientific",
"cwts-core",
"dongbi-a",
"doyens",
"jufo-3",
"ki-jl-3",
"medline",
"norway-2",
"poland-200",
"russia-white-list-1",
"vabb-shw"
],
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316812",
"host_organization_name": "American College of Physicians",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310316812"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"American College of Physicians"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": "publishedVersion",
"is_accepted": true,
"is_published": true,
"raw_source_name": "Annals of Internal Medicine",
"raw_type": "journal-article"
},
"volume": null,
"type": "review",
"indexed_in": [
"crossref",
"pubmed"
],
"open_access": {
"is_oa": false,
"oa_status": "closed",
"oa_url": null,
"any_repository_has_fulltext": false
},
"authorships": [
{
"author_position": "first",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068353058",
"display_name": "David Moher",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-4206",
"observed_orcids": [
"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-4206"
]
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I122346577",
"display_name": "University of Modena and Reggio Emilia",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02d4c4y02",
"country_code": "IT",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I122346577"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I153718931",
"display_name": "University of Ottawa",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03c4mmv16",
"country_code": "CA",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I153718931"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I19630809",
"display_name": "Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05aspc753",
"country_code": "IT",
"type": "nonprofit",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I19630809",
"https://openalex.org/I4210110338",
"https://openalex.org/I4210153126"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I40120149",
"display_name": "University of Oxford",
"ror": "https://ror.org/052gg0110",
"country_code": "GB",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I40120149"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4388482656",
"display_name": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05jtef216",
"country_code": "CA",
"type": "healthcare",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I153718931",
"https://openalex.org/I2800722420",
"https://openalex.org/I4388482656"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I72054575",
"display_name": "Cochrane",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00dbkrq51",
"country_code": "GB",
"type": "nonprofit",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I72054575"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"CA",
"GB",
"IT"
],
"is_corresponding": true,
"raw_author_name": "David Moher",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"From Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom",
"Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"
],
"raw_orcid": null,
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "From Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I122346577",
"https://openalex.org/I153718931",
"https://openalex.org/I19630809",
"https://openalex.org/I40120149",
"https://openalex.org/I4388482656",
"https://openalex.org/I72054575"
]
},
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I153718931",
"https://openalex.org/I4388482656"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": null,
"display_name": "Alessandro Liberati",
"orcid": null,
"observed_orcids": []
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I122346577",
"display_name": "University of Modena and Reggio Emilia",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02d4c4y02",
"country_code": "IT",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I122346577"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I153718931",
"display_name": "University of Ottawa",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03c4mmv16",
"country_code": "CA",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I153718931"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I19630809",
"display_name": "Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05aspc753",
"country_code": "IT",
"type": "nonprofit",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I19630809",
"https://openalex.org/I4210110338",
"https://openalex.org/I4210153126"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I40120149",
"display_name": "University of Oxford",
"ror": "https://ror.org/052gg0110",
"country_code": "GB",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I40120149"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4388482656",
"display_name": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05jtef216",
"country_code": "CA",
"type": "healthcare",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I153718931",
"https://openalex.org/I2800722420",
"https://openalex.org/I4388482656"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I72054575",
"display_name": "Cochrane",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00dbkrq51",
"country_code": "GB",
"type": "nonprofit",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I72054575"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"CA",
"GB",
"IT"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Alessandro Liberati",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"From Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"
],
"raw_orcid": null,
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "From Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I122346577",
"https://openalex.org/I153718931",
"https://openalex.org/I19630809",
"https://openalex.org/I40120149",
"https://openalex.org/I4388482656",
"https://openalex.org/I72054575"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": null,
"display_name": "Jennifer Tetzlaff",
"orcid": null,
"observed_orcids": []
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I122346577",
"display_name": "University of Modena and Reggio Emilia",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02d4c4y02",
"country_code": "IT",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I122346577"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I153718931",
"display_name": "University of Ottawa",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03c4mmv16",
"country_code": "CA",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I153718931"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I19630809",
"display_name": "Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05aspc753",
"country_code": "IT",
"type": "nonprofit",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I19630809",
"https://openalex.org/I4210110338",
"https://openalex.org/I4210153126"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I40120149",
"display_name": "University of Oxford",
"ror": "https://ror.org/052gg0110",
"country_code": "GB",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I40120149"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4388482656",
"display_name": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05jtef216",
"country_code": "CA",
"type": "healthcare",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I153718931",
"https://openalex.org/I2800722420",
"https://openalex.org/I4388482656"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I72054575",
"display_name": "Cochrane",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00dbkrq51",
"country_code": "GB",
"type": "nonprofit",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I72054575"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"CA",
"GB",
"IT"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Jennifer Tetzlaff",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"From Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"
],
"raw_orcid": null,
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "From Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I122346577",
"https://openalex.org/I153718931",
"https://openalex.org/I19630809",
"https://openalex.org/I40120149",
"https://openalex.org/I4388482656",
"https://openalex.org/I72054575"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042962646",
"display_name": "Douglas G. Altman",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-4083",
"observed_orcids": [
"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-4083"
]
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I122346577",
"display_name": "University of Modena and Reggio Emilia",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02d4c4y02",
"country_code": "IT",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I122346577"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I153718931",
"display_name": "University of Ottawa",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03c4mmv16",
"country_code": "CA",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I153718931"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I19630809",
"display_name": "Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05aspc753",
"country_code": "IT",
"type": "nonprofit",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I19630809",
"https://openalex.org/I4210110338",
"https://openalex.org/I4210153126"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I40120149",
"display_name": "University of Oxford",
"ror": "https://ror.org/052gg0110",
"country_code": "GB",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I40120149"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4388482656",
"display_name": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05jtef216",
"country_code": "CA",
"type": "healthcare",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I153718931",
"https://openalex.org/I2800722420",
"https://openalex.org/I4388482656"
]
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I72054575",
"display_name": "Cochrane",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00dbkrq51",
"country_code": "GB",
"type": "nonprofit",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I72054575"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"CA",
"GB",
"IT"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Douglas G. Altman",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"From Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"
],
"raw_orcid": null,
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "From Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I122346577",
"https://openalex.org/I153718931",
"https://openalex.org/I19630809",
"https://openalex.org/I40120149",
"https://openalex.org/I4388482656",
"https://openalex.org/I72054575"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "last",
"author": {
"id": null,
"display_name": "the PRISMA Group*",
"orcid": null,
"observed_orcids": []
},
"institutions": [],
"countries": [],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "the PRISMA Group*",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [],
"raw_orcid": null,
"affiliations": []
}
],
"institutions": [],
"countries_distinct_count": 3,
"institutions_distinct_count": 6,
"corresponding_author_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/A5068353058"
],
"corresponding_institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I122346577",
"https://openalex.org/I153718931",
"https://openalex.org/I19630809",
"https://openalex.org/I40120149",
"https://openalex.org/I4388482656",
"https://openalex.org/I72054575"
],
"apc_list": null,
"apc_paid": null,
"fwci": 15.4342,
"has_fulltext": false,
"cited_by_count": 37548,
"citation_normalized_percentile": {
"value": 0.98380567,
"is_in_top_1_percent": false,
"is_in_top_10_percent": true
},
"cited_by_percentile_year": {
"min": 99,
"max": 100
},
"biblio": {
"volume": "151",
"issue": "4",
"first_page": "264",
"last_page": "269"
},
"is_retracted": false,
"is_paratext": false,
"is_xpac": false,
"primary_topic": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206",
"display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews",
"score": 1,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804",
"display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18",
"display_name": "Decision Sciences"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2",
"display_name": "Social Sciences"
}
},
"topics": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206",
"display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews",
"score": 1,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804",
"display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18",
"display_name": "Decision Sciences"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2",
"display_name": "Social Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T12664",
"display_name": "Clinical practice guidelines implementation",
"score": 0,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2739",
"display_name": "Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27",
"display_name": "Medicine"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4",
"display_name": "Health Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T12443",
"display_name": "Delphi Technique in Research",
"score": 0,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312",
"display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33",
"display_name": "Social Sciences"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2",
"display_name": "Social Sciences"
}
}
],
"keywords": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/prisma-statement",
"display_name": "PRISMA statement",
"score": 0.9520000219345093
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/reporting-quality",
"display_name": "reporting quality",
"score": 0.8019999861717224
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-reviews",
"display_name": "systematic reviews",
"score": 0.9900000095367432
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis",
"display_name": "meta-analysis",
"score": 0.9319999814033508
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/reporting-guidelines",
"display_name": "reporting guidelines",
"score": 0.718999981880188
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/research-transparency",
"display_name": "research transparency",
"score": 0.4309999942779541
}
],
"concepts": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190",
"display_name": "Medicine",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.6588538289070129
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655",
"display_name": "Library science",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.48894038796424866
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189708586",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425",
"display_name": "Systematic review",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4797981083393097
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15708023",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083",
"display_name": "Humanities",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3415220379829407
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899",
"display_name": "MEDLINE",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.2433043122291565
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735",
"display_name": "Art",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.11918249726295471
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442",
"display_name": "Political science",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.09972640872001648
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198",
"display_name": "Computer science",
"level": 0,
"score": 0
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748",
"display_name": "Law",
"level": 1,
"score": 0
}
],
"mesh": [
{
"descriptor_ui": "D006801",
"descriptor_name": "Humans",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D006801",
"descriptor_name": "Humans",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D006801",
"descriptor_name": "Humans",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D006801",
"descriptor_name": "Humans",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D006801",
"descriptor_name": "Humans",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D009626",
"descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D009626",
"descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D009626",
"descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D009626",
"descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D009626",
"descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D010506",
"descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000592",
"qualifier_name": "standards",
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D010506",
"descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000592",
"qualifier_name": "standards",
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D010506",
"descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000592",
"qualifier_name": "standards",
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D010506",
"descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000592",
"qualifier_name": "standards",
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D010506",
"descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000592",
"qualifier_name": "standards",
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D011643",
"descriptor_name": "Publishing",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000592",
"qualifier_name": "standards",
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D011643",
"descriptor_name": "Publishing",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000592",
"qualifier_name": "standards",
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D011643",
"descriptor_name": "Publishing",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000592",
"qualifier_name": "standards",
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D011643",
"descriptor_name": "Publishing",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000592",
"qualifier_name": "standards",
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D011643",
"descriptor_name": "Publishing",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000592",
"qualifier_name": "standards",
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D011786",
"descriptor_name": "Quality Control",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D011786",
"descriptor_name": "Quality Control",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D011786",
"descriptor_name": "Quality Control",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D011786",
"descriptor_name": "Quality Control",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D011786",
"descriptor_name": "Quality Control",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D012196",
"descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D012196",
"descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D012196",
"descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D012196",
"descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D012196",
"descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D015201",
"descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D015201",
"descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D015201",
"descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D015201",
"descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D015201",
"descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D017594",
"descriptor_name": "Publication Bias",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D017594",
"descriptor_name": "Publication Bias",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D017594",
"descriptor_name": "Publication Bias",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D017594",
"descriptor_name": "Publication Bias",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D017594",
"descriptor_name": "Publication Bias",
"qualifier_ui": null,
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D055317",
"descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000592",
"qualifier_name": "standards",
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D055317",
"descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000592",
"qualifier_name": "standards",
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D055317",
"descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000592",
"qualifier_name": "standards",
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D055317",
"descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000592",
"qualifier_name": "standards",
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D055317",
"descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000592",
"qualifier_name": "standards",
"is_major_topic": false
}
],
"locations_count": 3,
"locations": [
{
"id": "doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135",
"is_oa": false,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S119722071",
"display_name": "Annals of Internal Medicine",
"issn_l": "0003-4819",
"issn": [
"0003-4819",
"1539-3704"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"listed_in": [
"anvur-scientific",
"cwts-core",
"dongbi-a",
"doyens",
"jufo-3",
"ki-jl-3",
"medline",
"norway-2",
"poland-200",
"russia-white-list-1",
"vabb-shw"
],
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316812",
"host_organization_name": "American College of Physicians",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310316812"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"American College of Physicians"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": "publishedVersion",
"is_accepted": true,
"is_published": true,
"raw_source_name": "Annals of Internal Medicine",
"raw_type": "journal-article"
},
{
"id": "pmid:19622511",
"doi": null,
"is_oa": false,
"landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19622511",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
"display_name": "PubMed",
"issn_l": null,
"issn": null,
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": false,
"listed_in": [],
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238",
"host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1299303238"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [],
"type": "repository"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": "publishedVersion",
"is_accepted": true,
"is_published": true,
"raw_source_name": "Annals of internal medicine",
"raw_type": "Guideline"
},
{
"id": "pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/716241",
"doi": null,
"is_oa": false,
"landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/11380/716241",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400718",
"display_name": "IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)",
"issn_l": null,
"issn": null,
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": false,
"listed_in": [],
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I122346577",
"host_organization_name": "University of Modena and Reggio Emilia",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I122346577"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [],
"type": "repository"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": "submittedVersion",
"is_accepted": false,
"is_published": false,
"raw_source_name": null,
"raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"
}
],
"best_oa_location": null,
"sustainable_development_goals": [
{
"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3",
"display_name": "Good health and well-being",
"score": 0.5683000087738037
}
],
"sustainable_development_goals_aurora": [
{
"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4",
"display_name": "Quality education",
"score": 0.8399999737739563
}
],
"study_designs": [],
"awards": [],
"funders": [],
"has_content": {
"grobid_xml": false,
"pdf": false
},
"content_urls": null,
"referenced_works_count": 42,
"referenced_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W160580327",
"https://openalex.org/W1590137713",
"https://openalex.org/W1690786713",
"https://openalex.org/W1774591799",
"https://openalex.org/W1853602163",
"https://openalex.org/W1971186240",
"https://openalex.org/W1980300818",
"https://openalex.org/W1983540313",
"https://openalex.org/W2000442546",
"https://openalex.org/W2012932483",
"https://openalex.org/W2015421910",
"https://openalex.org/W2029163232",
"https://openalex.org/W2043759984",
"https://openalex.org/W2058084426",
"https://openalex.org/W2065267852",
"https://openalex.org/W2066896354",
"https://openalex.org/W2067550511",
"https://openalex.org/W2068694980",
"https://openalex.org/W2068769841",
"https://openalex.org/W2093211493",
"https://openalex.org/W2093579014",
"https://openalex.org/W2098631889",
"https://openalex.org/W2100729569",
"https://openalex.org/W2102487800",
"https://openalex.org/W2112505828",
"https://openalex.org/W2116810060",
"https://openalex.org/W2129303461",
"https://openalex.org/W2129829737",
"https://openalex.org/W2132161915",
"https://openalex.org/W2133774931",
"https://openalex.org/W2135010675",
"https://openalex.org/W2140521029",
"https://openalex.org/W2144086043",
"https://openalex.org/W2147581820",
"https://openalex.org/W2158379591",
"https://openalex.org/W2159096825",
"https://openalex.org/W2163839878",
"https://openalex.org/W2165010366",
"https://openalex.org/W2811157820",
"https://openalex.org/W2986772077",
"https://openalex.org/W3022903699",
"https://openalex.org/W4254160334"
],
"related_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W4391375266",
"https://openalex.org/W2748952813",
"https://openalex.org/W3031052312",
"https://openalex.org/W4389568370",
"https://openalex.org/W3032375762",
"https://openalex.org/W1995515455",
"https://openalex.org/W2080531066",
"https://openalex.org/W3108674512",
"https://openalex.org/W1506200166",
"https://openalex.org/W1489783725"
],
"counts_by_year": [
{
"year": 2026,
"cited_by_count": 819
},
{
"year": 2025,
"cited_by_count": 2514
},
{
"year": 2024,
"cited_by_count": 3301
},
{
"year": 2023,
"cited_by_count": 3690
},
{
"year": 2022,
"cited_by_count": 3582
},
{
"year": 2021,
"cited_by_count": 4864
},
{
"year": 2020,
"cited_by_count": 5011
},
{
"year": 2019,
"cited_by_count": 3382
},
{
"year": 2018,
"cited_by_count": 2370
},
{
"year": 2017,
"cited_by_count": 2285
},
{
"year": 2016,
"cited_by_count": 2076
},
{
"year": 2015,
"cited_by_count": 1422
},
{
"year": 2014,
"cited_by_count": 904
},
{
"year": 2013,
"cited_by_count": 581
},
{
"year": 2012,
"cited_by_count": 331
}
],
"updated_date": "2026-10-23T09:35:12.469056",
"created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"
}