The Numeri of the Roman Imperial Army

Check availability: Full text (publisher site)

Abstract

So said Eric Birley in 1952. Since then, two major works by Callies and Baatz have appeared with relevance to numeri, but there has been no general article in English incorporating the discussion in these and previous publications. Speidel's article on ethnic troops filled the gap to a certain extent but he concentrated mainly on Moorish units.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Authors: Pat Southern
Published in: Britannia, vol. 20, pp. 81
Publication date:01/01/1989
Publisher:Cambridge University Press
Document type:Article
Language:English
DOI: 10.2307/526158
ISSN:0068-113X, 1753-5352
Open access: No known open access copy: use Check availability for subscribed resources.
Cited by:120
Subjects:
Classical Antiquity Studies (Social Sciences > Social Sciences > Anthropology)
Military history and social perspectives (Social Sciences > Social Sciences > Cultural Studies)
Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History (Social Sciences > Arts and Humanities > Archeology)
Identifiers: OpenAlex W2165082136

Central index data: OpenAlex (CC0 license).

Full central index record (JSON) from api.openalex.org/works/W2165082136

{
    "abstract (reconstructed from abstract_inverted_index)": "So said Eric Birley in 1952. Since then, two major works by Callies and Baatz have appeared with relevance to numeri, but there has been no general article in English incorporating the discussion in these and previous publications. Speidel's article on ethnic troops filled the gap to a certain extent but he concentrated mainly on Moorish units.",
    "id": "https://openalex.org/W2165082136",
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/526158",
    "title": "The Numeri of the Roman Imperial Army",
    "display_name": "The Numeri of the Roman Imperial Army",
    "publication_year": 1989,
    "publication_date": "1989-01-01",
    "ids": {
        "openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2165082136",
        "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/526158",
        "mag": "2165082136"
    },
    "language": "en",
    "primary_location": {
        "id": "doi:10.2307/526158",
        "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/526158",
        "is_oa": false,
        "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/526158",
        "pdf_url": null,
        "source": {
            "id": "https://openalex.org/S97521448",
            "display_name": "Britannia",
            "issn_l": "0068-113X",
            "issn": [
                "0068-113X",
                "1753-5352"
            ],
            "is_oa": false,
            "is_in_doaj": false,
            "is_core": true,
            "listed_in": [
                "cwts-core",
                "erih-plus",
                "jufo-1",
                "poland-70",
                "russia-white-list-1",
                "vabb-shw"
            ],
            "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311721",
            "host_organization_name": "Cambridge University Press",
            "host_organization_lineage": [
                "https://openalex.org/P4310311721",
                "https://openalex.org/P4310311702"
            ],
            "host_organization_lineage_names": [
                "Cambridge University Press",
                "University of Cambridge"
            ],
            "type": "journal"
        },
        "license": null,
        "license_id": null,
        "version": "publishedVersion",
        "is_accepted": true,
        "is_published": true,
        "raw_source_name": "Britannia",
        "raw_type": "journal-article"
    },
    "volume": null,
    "type": "article",
    "indexed_in": [
        "crossref"
    ],
    "open_access": {
        "is_oa": false,
        "oa_status": "closed",
        "oa_url": null,
        "any_repository_has_fulltext": false
    },
    "authorships": [
        {
            "author_position": "first",
            "author": {
                "id": "https://openalex.org/A5008347042",
                "display_name": "Pat Southern",
                "orcid": null,
                "observed_orcids": []
            },
            "institutions": [],
            "countries": [],
            "is_corresponding": true,
            "raw_author_name": "P. Southern",
            "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
            "raw_orcid": null,
            "affiliations": []
        }
    ],
    "institutions": [],
    "countries_distinct_count": 0,
    "institutions_distinct_count": 0,
    "corresponding_author_ids": [
        "https://openalex.org/A5008347042"
    ],
    "corresponding_institution_ids": [],
    "apc_list": {
        "value": 3550,
        "currency": "USD",
        "value_usd": 3550
    },
    "apc_paid": null,
    "fwci": 2.8294,
    "has_fulltext": false,
    "cited_by_count": 120,
    "citation_normalized_percentile": {
        "value": 0.91718693,
        "is_in_top_1_percent": false,
        "is_in_top_10_percent": true
    },
    "cited_by_percentile_year": {
        "min": 88,
        "max": 100
    },
    "biblio": {
        "volume": "20",
        "issue": null,
        "first_page": "81",
        "last_page": "81"
    },
    "is_retracted": false,
    "is_paratext": false,
    "is_xpac": false,
    "primary_topic": {
        "id": "https://openalex.org/T10165",
        "display_name": "Classical Antiquity Studies",
        "score": 0.9970999956130981,
        "subfield": {
            "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3314",
            "display_name": "Anthropology"
        },
        "field": {
            "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33",
            "display_name": "Social Sciences"
        },
        "domain": {
            "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2",
            "display_name": "Social Sciences"
        }
    },
    "topics": [
        {
            "id": "https://openalex.org/T10165",
            "display_name": "Classical Antiquity Studies",
            "score": 0.9970999956130981,
            "subfield": {
                "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3314",
                "display_name": "Anthropology"
            },
            "field": {
                "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33",
                "display_name": "Social Sciences"
            },
            "domain": {
                "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2",
                "display_name": "Social Sciences"
            }
        },
        {
            "id": "https://openalex.org/T14190",
            "display_name": "Military history and social perspectives",
            "score": 0.0006000000284984708,
            "subfield": {
                "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3316",
                "display_name": "Cultural Studies"
            },
            "field": {
                "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33",
                "display_name": "Social Sciences"
            },
            "domain": {
                "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2",
                "display_name": "Social Sciences"
            }
        },
        {
            "id": "https://openalex.org/T13068",
            "display_name": "Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History",
            "score": 0.00039999998989515007,
            "subfield": {
                "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1204",
                "display_name": "Archeology"
            },
            "field": {
                "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12",
                "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"
            },
            "domain": {
                "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2",
                "display_name": "Social Sciences"
            }
        }
    ],
    "keywords": [
        {
            "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/roman-imperial-army",
            "display_name": "Roman imperial army",
            "score": 0.7649999856948853
        },
        {
            "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/roman-legions",
            "display_name": "Roman legions",
            "score": 0.6690000295639038
        },
        {
            "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/auxiliary-units",
            "display_name": "auxiliary units",
            "score": 0.5339999794960022
        },
        {
            "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/roman-military-organization",
            "display_name": "Roman military organization",
            "score": 0.671999990940094
        }
    ],
    "concepts": [
        {
            "id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728",
            "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309",
            "display_name": "History",
            "level": 0,
            "score": 0.5617147088050842
        },
        {
            "id": "https://openalex.org/C74916050",
            "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090",
            "display_name": "Classics",
            "level": 1,
            "score": 0.37562280893325806
        },
        {
            "id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886",
            "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493",
            "display_name": "Ancient history",
            "level": 1,
            "score": 0.33595526218414307
        }
    ],
    "mesh": [],
    "locations_count": 2,
    "locations": [
        {
            "id": "doi:10.2307/526158",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/526158",
            "is_oa": false,
            "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/526158",
            "pdf_url": null,
            "source": {
                "id": "https://openalex.org/S97521448",
                "display_name": "Britannia",
                "issn_l": "0068-113X",
                "issn": [
                    "0068-113X",
                    "1753-5352"
                ],
                "is_oa": false,
                "is_in_doaj": false,
                "is_core": true,
                "listed_in": [
                    "cwts-core",
                    "erih-plus",
                    "jufo-1",
                    "poland-70",
                    "russia-white-list-1",
                    "vabb-shw"
                ],
                "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311721",
                "host_organization_name": "Cambridge University Press",
                "host_organization_lineage": [
                    "https://openalex.org/P4310311721",
                    "https://openalex.org/P4310311702"
                ],
                "host_organization_lineage_names": [
                    "Cambridge University Press",
                    "University of Cambridge"
                ],
                "type": "journal"
            },
            "license": null,
            "license_id": null,
            "version": "publishedVersion",
            "is_accepted": true,
            "is_published": true,
            "raw_source_name": "Britannia",
            "raw_type": "journal-article"
        },
        {
            "id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031089790",
            "doi": null,
            "is_oa": false,
            "landing_page_url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/526158",
            "pdf_url": null,
            "source": null,
            "license": null,
            "license_id": null,
            "version": "submittedVersion",
            "is_accepted": false,
            "is_published": false,
            "raw_source_name": "",
            "raw_type": "text"
        }
    ],
    "best_oa_location": null,
    "sustainable_development_goals": [],
    "sustainable_development_goals_aurora": [],
    "study_designs": [],
    "awards": [],
    "funders": [],
    "has_content": {
        "grobid_xml": false,
        "pdf": false
    },
    "content_urls": null,
    "referenced_works_count": 0,
    "referenced_works": [],
    "related_works": [
        "https://openalex.org/W4298849700",
        "https://openalex.org/W409140662",
        "https://openalex.org/W4255254170",
        "https://openalex.org/W2503791906",
        "https://openalex.org/W645364686",
        "https://openalex.org/W2947617252",
        "https://openalex.org/W1978936805",
        "https://openalex.org/W568571147",
        "https://openalex.org/W1573980247",
        "https://openalex.org/W2103443170"
    ],
    "counts_by_year": [
        {
            "year": 2025,
            "cited_by_count": 2
        },
        {
            "year": 2024,
            "cited_by_count": 2
        },
        {
            "year": 2023,
            "cited_by_count": 3
        },
        {
            "year": 2022,
            "cited_by_count": 1
        },
        {
            "year": 2021,
            "cited_by_count": 3
        },
        {
            "year": 2020,
            "cited_by_count": 20
        },
        {
            "year": 2019,
            "cited_by_count": 4
        },
        {
            "year": 2018,
            "cited_by_count": 1
        },
        {
            "year": 2017,
            "cited_by_count": 1
        },
        {
            "year": 2016,
            "cited_by_count": 1
        },
        {
            "year": 2015,
            "cited_by_count": 4
        },
        {
            "year": 2014,
            "cited_by_count": 2
        },
        {
            "year": 2012,
            "cited_by_count": 2
        }
    ],
    "updated_date": "2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173",
    "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"
}