Le cadavre accusateur dans le procès du XIIIe au XVIIIe siècle en Occident : de la preuve révélée à la preuve raisonnée

Testo completo ad accesso aperto Verifica disponibilità: Testo completo (sito dell'editore)

Abstract

Réceptacle de nombreuses croyances, le corps est perçu en Occident médiéval comme un « mode d’expression extérieur (foris) des mouvements intérieurs (intus) et invisibles de l’âme, des états psychiques, des émotions et de la pensée elle-même ». De ce fait, il occupera une place singulière dans les procédures criminelles, comme le montre l’ordalie du cercueil ou cruentatio. À partir du XIIIe siècle, il n’est en effet pas rare d’interroger la dépouille de la victime, afin de découvrir l’identité du meurtrier : selon la croyance populaire, le corps, animé par l’âme criant vengeance, se mettrait à saigner en présence du coupable. Le cadavre revêt dès lors une dimension sociale, juridique et fait la liaison entre l’ici-bas et l’au-delà. Malgré le mouvement de rationalisation touchant l’ensemble de l’Occident et le déclin progressif des ordalies, des témoignages mettent en évidence une survivance de la cruentatio au moins jusqu’au XVIIIe siècle. Cet appel au cadavre va perdre au fur et à mesure sa dimension providentielle pour constituer un élément probatoire dans les procédures judiciaires. Cette pratique, brouillant les frontières entre mystère et science, nous permettra de nous intéresser à la fonction du cadavre dans le procès : dévoiler une vérité tant révélée que raisonnée.

Salvato in:
Autori: Astrid Akopian iD (Université Paris Nanterre; Centre d'histoire et d'anthropologie du droit)
Pubblicato in: Droit et Cultures, vol. 82
Data di pubblicazione:01/01/2022
Editore:L'Harmattan
Tipo di documento:Articolo
Lingua:francese
DOI: 10.4000/droitcultures.7297
ISSN:0247-9788, 2109-9421
Accesso aperto: Accesso aperto Diamond: rivista aperta senza costi per autori e lettori – Droit et Cultures (licenza: CC-BY-NC-ND, versione editoriale)
Citazioni ricevute:1
Soggetti:
Medieval and Early Modern Justice (Social Sciences > Social Sciences > Political Science and International Relations)
Legal processes and jurisprudence (Social Sciences > Social Sciences > Law)
Historical and Scientific Studies (Health Sciences > Medicine > Pathology and Forensic Medicine)
medieval criminal procedure, history of evidence, 13th-18th centuries
Identificativi: OpenAlex W4312912652

Dati dell'indice centrale: OpenAlex (licenza CC0).

Record completo dell'indice centrale (JSON) da api.openalex.org/works/W4312912652 

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