Écrits sur la mortalité (1855-1877)
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Abstract
Les principaux travaux de Louis-Adolphe Bertillon (1821-1883) visent à répondre à une seule question : « Pourquoi la mort prématurée rôde-t-elle ? » (Lucrèce). Pour identifier les morts évitables, ce médecin délaisse l’observation clinique et se fait statisticien : il cartographie la mortalité infantile, tente de mesurer âge par âge l’emprise de la variole, de la phtisie, des accidents, s’affirmant comme l’un des plus importants démographes du xixe siècle. Grand animateur de sociétés savantes (Société d’anthropologie de Paris, Société de statistique de Paris, Société de sociologie), il a la charge des rubriques de statistique médicale du Dictionnaire de médecine et du Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences médicales, préside le Congrès mondial de démographie à Paris lors de l’Exposition universelle de 1878, et publie de nombreux articles dans les Annales de démographie internationale, première revue de démographie au monde. Républicain, opposé au Second Empire, distant du monde de la médecine, il est longtemps tenu à l’écart des institutions académiques. Nommé professeur de démographie à l’École d’anthropologie de Paris en 1876, il devient chef du service de statistique de la préfecture de la Seine en 1879. Son œuvre majeure, la Démographie figurée de la France (1874), est un atlas centré sur l’étude de la mortalité. Elle innove par le primat accordé à l’expression graphique de sa pensée : des cartes et des diagrammes, faciles à lire, vont pouvoir toucher un large public. S’appuyant sur des archives en grande partie inédites, Alain Chenu présente ici, outre cet atlas, une vingtaine de textes qui, s’éclairant les uns les autres, permettent de prendre la mesure du rôle clé que Bertillon a joué dans l’émergence de la démographie moderne.
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| Authors: | |
|---|---|
| Publication date: | 01/01/2023 |
| Document type: | Book |
| Language: | French |
| DOI: | 10.4000/books.ined.19115 |
| Open access: | Open access Green: copy in an institutional or subject repository – HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (license: CC-BY-NC-ND, submitted version (pre-print)) |
| Cited by: | 2 |
| Subjects: |
Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
(Social Sciences > Social Sciences > Demography)
History of Science and Medicine
(Social Sciences > Arts and Humanities > History and Philosophy of Science)
Medical History and Innovations
(Social Sciences > Arts and Humanities > History)
|
| Identifiers: | OpenAlex W4386381389 |
Central index data: OpenAlex (CC0 license).
Full central index record (JSON) from api.openalex.org/works/W4386381389
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